Ku bijyanye no gutunganyaimirasire y'izuba, ukuri kuragoye kuruta kubatandukanya no gukoresha ibice byabo.Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu muri iki gihe bukora ntabwo bukora, tutibagiwe, ikiguzi cyo kugarura ibintu ni kinini cyane.Kuri iki giciro, birumvikana niba wifuza kugura akanama gashya rwose.Ariko hariho uburyo bwo kongera ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba - kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ziterwa n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kugabanya ibiciro, no kwirinda imyanda y’ubumara ya e-imyanda.Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga ryizuba, gutunganya imirasire yizuba hamwe no gutunganya ibicuruzwa byahindutse igice cyisoko ryizuba.
Imirasire y'izuba ikozwe niki?
Imirasire y'izuba ishingiye kuri SiliconImirasire y'izuba irashobora gukoreshwa?Igisubizo giterwa nibyo imirasire y'izuba ikozwe.Kugirango ukore ibi, ugomba kumenya ikintu kijyanye nubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwizuba.Silicon kugeza ubu ikoreshwa cyane muri semiconductor mugukora imirasire y'izuba.Ifite ibice birenga 95% byamasomo yagurishijwe kugeza ubu kandi nikintu cya kabiri cyinshi kiboneka kwisi, gikurikirwa na ogisijeni.Crystalline silicon selile ikozwe muri atome ya silicon ihujwe na kasike ya kirisiti.Uru rufunzo rutanga imiterere itunganijwe ituma ingufu z'umucyo zihinduka ingufu z'amashanyarazi neza.Imirasire y'izuba ikozwe muri silicon itanga uruhurirane rwibiciro bidahenze, gukora neza no kuramba, kuko module biteganijwe ko izamara imyaka 25 cyangwa irenga, ikabyara hejuru ya 80% yingufu zumwimerere.Amashanyarazi mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato mato.Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa firime yoroheje yerekana amashanyarazi: umuringa indium gallium selenide (CIGS) na kadmium telluride (CdTe).Byose birashobora kubikwa muburyo bwimbere cyangwa inyuma yubuso bwa module.CdTe ibaye ibikoresho bya kabiri bikunzwe cyane bifotora nyuma ya silicon, kandi selile zayo zirashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo buke bwo gukora.Gufata nuko badakora neza nka silicon nziza.Kubijyanye na selile CIGS, zifite ibintu byiza byibikoresho bya PV hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse muri laboratoire, ariko kuba bigoye guhuza ibintu 4 bituma inzibacyuho ziva muri laboratoire zijya mubikorwa bigoye.CdTe na CIGS byombi bisaba uburinzi burenze silikoni kugirango ikore igihe kirekire.
Igihe kingana ikiimirasire y'izubaiheruka?
Imirasire y'izuba myinshi ituye ikora munsi yimyaka 25 mbere yuko itangira kwangirika cyane.Ndetse nyuma yimyaka 25, panne yawe igomba kuba isohora ingufu kuri 80% yikigero cyambere.Kubwibyo, imirasire yizuba izakomeza guhindura urumuri rwizuba ingufu zizuba, bizagenda neza mugihe runaka.Ntabwo byunvikana ko imirasire y'izuba ihagarika gukora burundu, ariko umenye ko gutesha agaciro mubisanzwe bihagije kugirango utekereze kubisimbuza.Usibye igihe gishingiye kumikorere itesha agaciro, hari nibindi bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere yizuba.Umurongo wanyuma ,, igihe imirasire yizuba itanga amashanyarazi neza, niko uzigama amafaranga.
Imyanda ya Photovoltaque - urebye imibare
Nk’uko byatangajwe na Sam Vanderhoof wo muri Recycle PV Solar, ngo 10% by'imirasire y'izuba kuri ubu biratunganywa, 90% bikajya mu myanda.Uyu mubare biteganijwe ko uzagera kuringaniza mugihe umurima wizuba wizuba urimo usimbuka ikoranabuhanga rishya.Hano hari imibare ugomba gusuzuma:
Biteganijwe ko ibihugu 5 bya mbere bizatanga toni zigera kuri miliyoni 78 z’imyanda y’izuba bitarenze 2050
Kongera gukoresha imirasire y'izuba igura amadorari 15 na $ 45
Kujugunya imirasire y'izuba mu myanda idahwitse igura amadorari 1
Igiciro cyo kujugunya imyanda ishobora guteza akaga ni hafi $ 5
Ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu mirasire y'izuba bishobora kuba bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 450 z'amadolari muri 2030
Kugeza mu 2050, agaciro k'ibikoresho byose byongeye gukoreshwa bishobora kurenga miliyari 15 z'amadolari.
Ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba rikomeje kwiyongera, kandi ntabwo bigeze kure ko amazu yose mashya azaba afite imirasire y'izuba mu gihe cya kure.Kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byagaciro, harimo ifeza na silikoni, biva mumirasire y'izuba bisaba ibisubizo byabugenewe byizuba.Kunanirwa gutegura ibisubizo, hamwe na politiki yo gushyigikira kwakirwa kwabo, nigisubizo cyibiza.
Imirasire y'izuba irashobora gukoreshwa?
Imirasire y'izuba ikozwe mubikoresho bisubirwamo cyangwa bikoreshwa.Ibigize nk'ikirahure hamwe n'ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bigizwe na 80% by'imirasire y'izuba kandi biroroshye kubyongera.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, polymer n'ibikoresho bya elegitoronike mu mirasire y'izuba birashobora gukoreshwa neza.Ariko ukuri kwizuba ryizuba ryongeye gukoreshwa biragoye kuruta kubitandukanya no gukoresha ibice byabyo.Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu muri iki gihe bukoreshwa ntabwo bukora neza.Ibi bivuze ko ikiguzi cyo gutunganya ibikoresho gishobora kuba hejuru yikiguzi cyo gukora panne nshya.
Impungenge zijyanye nuruvange rwibikoresho
Hafi ya 95% yumurasire wizuba wagurishijwe uyumunsi bikozwe muri silikoni ya kristaline, naho selile Photovoltaque ikozwe mumashanyarazi ya silicon.Byaremewe guhangana nibintu mumyaka mirongo.Imirasire y'izuba ikozwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo zifotora zifitanye isano na pulasitike hanyuma zigashyirwa hagati y'ibirahuri n'urupapuro rw'inyuma.Ikibaho gisanzwe kigizwe nicyuma (mubisanzwe aluminium) hamwe ninsinga z'umuringa zo hanze.Ibikoresho bya Crystalline silicon bikozwe mubirahuri, ariko kandi birimo silikoni, umuringa, urugero rwa feza, amabati, gurş, plastike na aluminium.Mugihe ibigo bitunganya imirasire yizuba bishobora gutandukanya ikariso ya aluminiyumu nu nsinga zumuringa w’inyuma, selile zifotora zifata mubice no mubice bya plastike ya Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) hanyuma igahuzwa nikirahure.Kubwibyo, inzira zinyongera zirasabwa kugarura ifeza, silikoni-yera cyane hamwe numuringa muri wafers.
Nigute ushobora gutunganya imirasire y'izuba?
Niba urimo kwibaza uburyo batunganya imirasire y'izuba, hari uburyo bwo kubigenderamo.Plastike, ibirahuri nicyuma - ibice byibanze byubaka imirasire yizuba - birashobora gutunganywa kugiti cyabyo, ariko mumirasire yizuba ikora, ibyo bikoresho birahuza bigakora ibicuruzwa bimwe.Ikibazo nyacyo rero kiri mu gutandukanya ibice kugirango bikoreshwe neza, mugihe nanone bikemura ibibazo bya silicon bisaba uburyo bwihariye bwo gutunganya ibintu.Bititaye kumiterere yubwoko, agasanduku gahuza, insinga namakadiri bigomba kuvaho mbere.Ibibaho bigizwe na silikoni mubisanzwe byacagaguritse cyangwa bikajanjagurwa, kandi ibikoresho bitandukanijwe muburyo bwa tekiniki bitewe nubwoko bwibikoresho hanyuma byoherezwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya ibintu.Rimwe na rimwe, gutandukanya imiti bita delamination birasabwa gukuraho polymer ibice bya semiconductor nibikoresho byibirahure.Ibigize nkumuringa, ifeza, aluminiyumu, silikoni, insinga zikingiwe, ibirahuri na silikoni birashobora gutandukanywa muburyo bwa chimique cyangwa chimique hanyuma bikongera gukoreshwa, ariko gutunganya ibice byizuba bya CdTe biragoye cyane kuruta ibice bikozwe muri silikoni gusa.Harimo gutandukana kumubiri na chimique bikurikirwa no kugwa kwicyuma.Ibindi bikorwa birimo gutwika polimeri cyangwa gukurura ibice bitandukanye.Ikoranabuhanga "Icyuma gishyushye" gitandukanya ikirahuri na selile izuba ukata mu mbaho ukoresheje icyuma kirekire gishyushye kugera kuri dogere 356 kugeza 392 Fahrenheit.
Akamaro k'isoko rya kabiri ryizuba ryisoko ryo kugabanya imyanda ya Photovoltaque
Imirasire y'izuba ivuguruye igurishwa bihendutse cyane kuruta panne nshya, igana inzira igabanya imyanda yizuba.Kubera ko umubare wibikoresho bya semiconductor ukenerwa kuri bateri ari bike, inyungu nyamukuru nigikorwa gito nigiciro cyibikoresho fatizo.Jay Granat, nyiri ibikoresho bya ingufu za Jay asobanura agira ati: "Ikibaho kitavunitse buri gihe gifite umuntu ufite ubushake bwo kubigura no kugikoresha ahantu hose ku isi."Imirasire y'izuba ya kabiri ni isoko ishimishije mubijyanye no kugabanya imyanda ya Photovoltaque kumirasire y'izuba ikora neza nkizuba rishya ryizuba ku giciro cyiza.
Umwanzuro
Umurongo wanyuma nuko iyo bigeze kumirasire yizuba, ntabwo ari umurimo woroshye kandi haribintu byinshi bigira uruhare mubikorwa.Ariko ibyo ntibisobanura ko dushobora kwirengagiza gutunganya PV hanyuma tukabareka bakajya mu myanda.Tugomba kurushaho kubungabunga ibidukikije hamwe nizuba ryongera gukoreshwa kubwimpamvu zishingiye ku bwikunde, niba nta yindi mpamvu.Mu gihe kirekire, tuzita ku mibereho yacu dufata imirasire y'izuba tubikuye ku mutima
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-07-2024