Bateri ikora cyane:Batiri ya Litiyumu-ionigizwe nibice bine byingenzi: ibikoresho bya electrode nziza, ibikoresho bya electrode bibi, bitandukanya, na electrolyte.Muri byo, gutandukanya ni urufunguzo rwimbere muribateri ya lithium-ion.Nubwo ititabira mu buryo butaziguye amashanyarazi, igira uruhare runini mu mikorere ya batiri.Ntabwo bigira ingaruka gusa kubushobozi, imikorere yizunguruka no kwishyuza no gusohora ubwinshi bwa bateri, ariko kandi bifitanye isano numutekano nubuzima bwabateri.Gutandukanya bikomeza imikorere ya bateri nuburyo bukwiye mugutanga imiyoboro ya ion itwara, kubuza kuvanga electrolyte, no gutanga ubufasha bwubukanishi.Icyerekezo cya ion cyitandukanya kigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye kwishyurwa no gusohora umuvuduko nubushobozi bwa bateri.Ibyiza bya ion birashobora kunoza ingufu za bateri.Mubyongeyeho, imikorere ya electrolyte yo kwigunga itandukanya igena umutekano wa bateri.Gutandukanya neza electrolyte hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi irashobora gukumira ibibazo byumutekano nkumuzunguruko mugufi nubushyuhe bukabije.Gutandukanya bigomba kandi kugira imbaraga zumukanishi no guhinduka kugirango bihangane no kwaguka no kugabanuka kwa bateri no gukumira ibyangiritse nubukorikori bwimbere.Mubyongeyeho, uwatandukanije akeneye kandi gukomeza imiterere n'imikorere ihamye mugihe cyaubuzima bwa baterikwemeza imikorere yigihe kirekire yizewe ya bateri.Nubwo uwatandukanije atitabira muburyo butaziguye amashanyarazi ya batiri, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumitungo yingenzi nkubushobozi bwa bateri, imikorere yizunguruka, kwishyuza no gusohora umuvuduko, umutekano nigihe cyo kubaho .Kubwibyo, iterambere no gutezimbere abitandukanya bifite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere no gukoresha bateri ya lithium-ion.
1. Igikorwa cyingenzi cyabatandukanya muribateri ya lithium-ion
Abitandukanya bafite uruhare runini muri bateri ya lithium-ion.Ntabwo ari inzitizi yumubiri itandukanya electrode nziza kandi itari nziza, ariko kandi ifite imirimo yingenzi ikurikira: 1.Kwanduza Ion: Gutandukanya bigomba kugira imikorere myiza ya ion kandi bigashobora kwemerera lithium ion kwanduza ubusa hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi.Muri icyo gihe, uwatandukanije agomba guhagarika neza ihererekanyabubasha rya electron kugirango akumire imiyoboro migufi no kwisohora.2.Gufata neza electrolyte: Gutandukanya bigomba kugira imbaraga nziza zo kwinjirira kwangirika, bishobora gukomeza gukwirakwiza isaranganya rimwe rya electrolyte hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi kandi ikabuza gutakaza electrolyte nimpinduka yibitekerezo.3.Imbaraga za mashini: Gutandukanya bigomba kugira imbaraga zihagije zo guhangana ningutu zumukanishi nko kwikuramo, kwaguka no kunyeganyega kwa bateri kugirango harebwe umutekano numutekano wa bateri.4.Ubushyuhe bwumuriro: Gutandukanya bigomba kugira ituze ryiza ryumuriro kugirango bigumane imiterere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi birinde ubushyuhe bwumuriro no kubora.5.Flame retardancy: Itandukanyirizo igomba kugira flame retardance, ishobora gukumira neza bateri umuriro cyangwa guturika mugihe kidasanzwe. Kugirango huzuzwe ibisabwa haruguru, abatandukanya ubusanzwe bikozwe mubikoresho bya polymer, nka polypropilene (PP), polyethylene .Kubwibyo, mugutegura bateri ya lithium-ion, ni ngombwa cyane guhitamo ibikoresho bitandukanya no guhuza imiterere yuburyo bwo gutandukanya.
2. Uruhare nyamukuru rwabatandukanya muribateri ya lithium:
Muri bateri ya lithium-ion, itandukanya igira uruhare runini kandi ifite imirimo yingenzi ikurikira: 1.Gutwara Ion: Itandukanya ryemerera lithium ion gutwarwa hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi.Ubutandukanyirizo busanzwe bufite ionic itwara neza, ishobora guteza imbere umuvuduko mwinshi ndetse no gutembera kwa lithium ion muri bateri kandi bikagera no kwishyurwa neza no gusohora bateri.2.Umutekano wa Bateri: Gutandukanya birashobora gukumira itumanaho ritaziguye hamwe n’umuzunguruko mugufi hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi, irinda gukabya no gushyuha cyane muri bateri, kandi bigatanga umutekano wa batiri.3.Kwigunga kwa electrolyte: Gutandukanya birinda imyuka, umwanda nibindi bintu biri muri electrolyte muri bateri kuvanga hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi, kwirinda ingaruka ziterwa n’imiti bitari ngombwa ndetse no gutakaza, no gukomeza ubuzima n’ubuzima bwa bateri.4.Inkunga ya mashini: Itandukanya ikina uruhare rwimashini muri bateri.Irashobora gukosora imyanya ya electrode nziza kandi mbi nibindi bikoresho bya batiri.Ifite kandi urwego runaka rwo guhinduka no kwaguka kugirango ihuze no kwaguka no kugabanuka kwa bateri.Abasifuzi bafite uruhare runini mu gutwara ion, umutekano wa bateri, kwigunga kwa electrolyte no gushyigikira imashini muri bateri ya lithium-ion.Irashobora kwemeza imikorere ihamye n'imikorere ya bateri.
3. Ubwoko bwa batiri ya lithium-ion
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa batiri ya lithium-ion itandukanya, ibisanzwe birimo ibi bikurikira: 1.Polypropilene (PP) itandukanya: Ubu ni ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane bitandukanya.Gutandukanya polipropilene bifite imiti irwanya imiti, imbaraga zumuriro mwiza nimbaraga za mashini, mugihe zifite ubushobozi bwo guhitamo ion hamwe nuburyo bwo kuyobora.2.Gutandukanya Polyimide (PI): Itandukanya Polyimide ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe bwimiti, kandi irashobora gukomeza imikorere ihamye mubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Bitewe n’umuvuduko mwinshi wa voltage, itandukanya polyimide ikoreshwa kenshi muri bateri zifite ingufu nyinshi kandi zikenewe cyane.3.Itandukanyirizo rya Polyethylene (PE): Itandukanya Polyethylene ifite ion itwara neza hamwe nimbaraga nziza za mashini, kandi akenshi ikoreshwa muburyo bwihariye bwa bateri ya lithium-ion, nka supercapacitor na bateri ya lithium-sulfure.4.Diaphragm ya ceramic igizwe: Diaphragm igizwe na ceramic igizwe na fibre ceramic fibre ikomezwa na polymer substrate.Ifite imbaraga zo gukanika no kurwanya ubushyuhe kandi irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi no kwangirika kwumubiri.5.Gutandukanya Nanopore: Gutandukanya Nanopore ikoresha uburyo bwiza bwa ion butwara imiterere ya nanopore, mugihe ihuye nimbaraga nziza za mashini hamwe nubutunzi bwimiti.Biteganijwe ko izashyirwa muri bateri ya lithium-ion ifite imbaraga nyinshi nibisabwa kuramba.Ibyo bitandukanya ibikoresho nibikoresho bitandukanye birashobora gutoranywa no gutezimbere ukurikije ibishushanyo mbonera bya batiri nibisabwa.
4. Ibisabwa mubikorwa bya batiri ya lithium-ion
Gutandukanya batiri ya Litiyumu-ion nikintu gikomeye hamwe nibisabwa bikurikira: 1.Umuyoboro mwinshi wa electrolyte: Utandukanya agomba kuba afite amashanyarazi menshi ya electrolyte kugirango ateze imbere ion hagati ya electrode nziza kandi mbi kugirango igere kumuriro no gusohora bateri.2.Guhitamo ion nziza cyane: Gutandukanya bigomba kugira ion nziza yo guhitamo, kwemerera gusa kwanduza ioni ya lithium no kubuza kwinjira cyangwa kwitabira ibindi bintu muri bateri.3.Ihinduka ryiza ryumuriro: Itandukanyirizo rigomba kugira ituze ryumuriro kandi rikabasha kugumya guhagarara neza mubihe bikabije nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa kurenza urugero kugirango hirindwe ubushyuhe bwumuriro cyangwa umwuka wa electrolyte nibindi bibazo.4.Imbaraga zubukorikori buhebuje no guhinduka: Gutandukanya bigomba kugira imbaraga za mashini nini kandi byoroshye kugirango birinde ibibazo nkumuzunguruko mugufi cyangwa kwangirika kwimbere, no guhuza no kwaguka no kugabanuka kwa bateri.5.Kurwanya imiti myiza: Gutandukanya bigomba kuba bifite imiti irwanya imiti kandi bigashobora kurwanya ruswa cyangwa kwanduza gutandukanya na electrolytite, imyuka n’umwanda muri bateri.6.Kurwanya imbaraga nke no gutwarwa gake: Gutandukanya bigomba kugira imbaraga nke hamwe nubushobozi buke kugirango bigabanye igihombo cyo guhangana nigihombo cya electrolyte imbere muri bateri.Ibisabwa kugirango imikorere ya bateri ya lithium-ion itandukane ni amashanyarazi menshi, guhitamo neza kwa ion, guhagarara neza kwumuriro, gukanika neza imbaraga nubworoherane, imiti irwanya imiti, irwanya ubukana hamwe nubushobozi buke.Ibi bisabwa byerekana umutekano wa bateri, ubuzima bwikurikiranya nubucucike bwingufu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-15-2023